Plumbing vents manage air pressure and release gasses from house plumbing fittings. Plumbing vent boots go around vents to prevent leaks and protect the roof.
Water stains on ceilings or walls are likely from a leaking roof. Roof leak repair is typically straightforward, but finding the leak is difficult.
Shiners are nails that missed the frame. Cold nails might leak when moisture from the rooms below condenses in the attic. Climbing into your attic on a chilly night may reveal this.
Broken shingles are unattractive and leaky. Single repairs are easy if you can obtain matching shingles and aren't frightened of heights.
Attic ventilation is essential for home health. Soffit vents inhale outside air to produce airflow that transfers heated attic air out roof vents.
Kick-out flashing is essential at roof-sidewall junctions. Roof runoff runs down and perhaps into the wall without it. A door or window below might let water leak beneath the trim, making this worse.
Rusty places or expansion-and-contraction seams cause gutter leaks. Roof and gutter repair tape (available at home centers and hardware shops) is the quickest approach to stop the leak if your gutter is mostly intact.